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c3d
xl
C++2019–2024
c3d / xl

xl

A minimalist, general-purpose programming language based on meta-programming and parse tree rewrites

5Distinct people
10Mentions
0Explicit recommenders
285GitHub stars
REPOSITORY AT A GLANCE

What to know before exploring

What it is

A minimalist, general-purpose programming language based on meta-programming and parse tree rewrites

GitHub

Where it is used

No documented product use has been verified yet.

What people are saying

No recommendation phrase was found in the indexed comments.

No classified warning is attached to this page. Read the discussions before treating silence as approval.

Also in these discussions

No other repository is repeatedly linked in the same discussions.

This week on Hacker News

Nov 7–Nov 14 UTC · Direct repository links and separately labeled related project stories. Indexed through 11/14/2026, 3:56:07 PM UTC.

No direct repository links were found in the indexed HN discussions over the past seven days. Older discussions are available below.

Mentions over time

HN mentions by year10 dated mentions

Observed mentions: 2019-11-01 06:52:39 UTC to 2024-02-21 22:40:55 UTC.

0123452019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 4 mentions; 1 submissions, 3 comments20192020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments20212022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 1 mentions; 0 submissions, 1 comments2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 5 mentions; 0 submissions, 5 comments2024

Counts come from the repository’s dated source evidence. Index cutoff: 2026-11-02 08:16:59 UTC.

View mention counts and date ranges
UTC ranges include their start and exclude their end. Select a period to filter the source evidence.
PeriodStart (UTC)End (exclusive, UTC)MentionsSubmissionsComments
20192019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC413
20202020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20212021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20222022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20232023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC101
20242024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC505

What Hacker News says

10 sources
From what I can read the author got really unlucky with some kind of radical API changes. Maybe at that time the LLVM team was a bit less serious with deprecations ? I use LLVM since v9, nowadays I'm stuck on v15 (that's not because of LLVM btw). Between the two versions there's been a radical change too, i.e "opaque pointers", but the transition was rather smooth as we were provided, for a long time, the two versions of the functions affected by the change. Maybe the LLVM team got more serious since the author experienced the said difficulties ? Other thing I note is that the author uses the CPP API. I use the C one which exposes only a high-level subset of the CPP one. This encourages a saner use of LLVM, a more concrete separation between the front-end and the mid-end, although sometimes there are limitations. A simple example of what
Read the rest
encourages the C API, especially since opaque ptrs are added, is not to rely on LLVM to retrieve the IR type of an IR value. That should always be done using the AST, eg with an `.ir` field in your nodes. Another one I remark, after a brief overview of LLVM-CRAP, is that the author had to change the internal data structure used, depending on the LLVM version [0]. Using the C API that would never had happened. The C API essentially allows to create block refs, instructions refs, value refs, type refs, contexts. Then you choose the containers you want to use to hold them. No need to switch to another stdcpp one, even if internally LLVM does so. [0]: https://github.com/c3d/xl/blob/master/src/llvm-crap.cpp#L265
In XL: An Extensible Programming Language
You can do exactly that, and this is how this is defined in the built-in library https://github.com/c3d/xl/blob/fast/src/builtins.xl#L222 How it works is what I tried to document in the document above. The trick is to have some fixed semantics on how rewrites are done, but a lot of freedom in how this is implemented. And this is far from perfect ATM. For example, if you write "X is 2", this can be implemented as a constant, as a function returning a constant, or as a macro. However, if you write "X is seconds" in Tao3D, where "seconds" returns the current number of seconds in the clock, then it can no longer be a constant value. You still can use macro replacement (or inlining) or turn it into a function. More details here: https://xlr.sourceforge.io/#compiling-xl
In XL: An Extensible Programming Language
See the code around here to answer that question: Definition of 'if' statement: https://github.com/c3d/xl/blob/fast/src/builtins.xl#L155 // If-then-else statement if [[true]] then True else False is True if [[false]] then True else False is False if [[true]] then True is True if [[false]] then True is false Definition of loops (https://github.com/c3d/xl/blob/fast/src/builtins.xl#L222) // Loops while Condition loop Body is if Condition then Body while Condition loop Body until Condition loop Body is { while not Condition loop Body } loop Body is { Body; loop Body } for Var in Low..High loop Body is Var := Low while Var < High loop Body Var := Var + 1
In XL: An Extensible Programming Language
Disclaimer: Author of the language / web page speaking. This one is hopelessly outdated. See https://github.com/c3d/xl for the current state of things. A bit of history of the language here: https://github.com/c3d/xl/blob/master/doc/HISTORY.md. Warning: this is currently under heavy repair / refactoring, so Nothing Works™. An interesting (if old, 2010) application of the language here: http://tao3d.sourceforge.net. Contributions and ideas welcome.
In The Lx Programming Language

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