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marcoeilers
nagini
Python2018–2024
marcoeilers / nagini

nagini

Nagini is a static verifier for Python 3, based on the Viper verification infrastructure.

2Distinct people
2Mentions
0Explicit recommenders
308GitHub stars
REPOSITORY AT A GLANCE

What to know before exploring

What it is

Nagini is a static verifier for Python 3, based on the Viper verification infrastructure.

GitHub

Where it is used

No documented product use has been verified yet.

What people are saying

No recommendation phrase was found in the indexed comments.

No classified warning is attached to this page. Read the discussions before treating silence as approval.

Also in these discussions

No other repository is repeatedly linked in the same discussions.

This week on Hacker News

Nov 7–Nov 14 UTC · Direct repository links and separately labeled related project stories. Indexed through 11/14/2026, 3:03:16 PM UTC.

No direct repository links were found in the indexed HN discussions over the past seven days. Older discussions are available below.

Mentions over time

HN mentions by year2 dated mentions

Observed mentions: 2018-07-15 18:36:04 UTC to 2024-01-26 05:22:13 UTC.

012018-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 1 mentions; 0 submissions, 1 comments20182019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments20212022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 0 mentions; 0 submissions, 0 comments2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to 2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (exclusive): 1 mentions; 0 submissions, 1 comments2024

Counts come from the repository’s dated source evidence. Index cutoff: 2026-11-02 08:16:59 UTC.

View mention counts and date ranges
UTC ranges include their start and exclude their end. Select a period to filter the source evidence.
PeriodStart (UTC)End (exclusive, UTC)MentionsSubmissionsComments
20182018-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC101
20192019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20202020-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20212021-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20222022-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20232023-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC000
20242024-01-01 00:00:00 UTC2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC101

What Hacker News says

2 sources
Thanks for your reply! I think they called it an FST "Full Syntax Tree", which is probably very similar to a CST "Concrete Syntax Tree". At the time that moses was written, Python's internal AST hadn't sufficient code to mutate sufficiently for moses' designs. MOSES: Meta-Optimizing Semantic Evolutionary Search : https://wiki.opencog.org/w/Meta-Optimizing_Semantic_Evolutio... : > All program evolution algorithms tend to produce bloated, convoluted, redundant programs ("spaghetti code"). To avoid this, MOSES performs reduction at each stage, to bring the program into normal form. The specific normalization used is based on Holman's "elegant normal form", which mixes alternate layers of linear and non-linear operators. The resulting form is far more compact than, say, for example, boolean disjunctive normal form. Normalization eliminates re
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dundant terms, and tends to make the resulting code both more human-readable, and faster to execute. > The above two techniques, optimization and normalization, allow MOSES to outperform standard genetic programming systems. opencog/asmoses: https://github.com/opencog/asmoses MOSES outputs Combo (a LISP), Python as an output transform IIUC, and now Atomese with asmoses, which links to a demo notebook: https://robert-haas.github.io/mevis-docs/code/examples/moses... Evolutionary algorithm > Convergence: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm#Converg... /? mujoco learning to walk [with evolutionary selection / RL Reinforcement Learning] https://www.google.com/search?q=mujoco+learning+to+walk&tbm=... ... Semgrep: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semgrep links to OWASP Source Code Analysis Tools: https://owasp.org/www-community/Source_Code_Analysis_Tools But what's static analysis or dynamic analysis source code analysis without Formal Verification? "Nagini: A Static Verifier for Python": https://pm.inf.ethz.ch/publications/EilersMueller18.pdf https://github.com/marcoeilers/nagini : > However, there is currently virtually no tool support for reasoning about Python programs beyond type safety. > We present Nagini, a sound verifier for statically-typed, concurrent Python programs. Nagini can prove memory safety, data race freedom, and user-supplied assertions. Nagini performs modular verification, which is important for verifi- cation to scale and to be able to verify libraries, and automates the verification process for programs annotated with specifications. Deal > Formal verification > Background; Hoare logic, DbC Design by Contract, Dafny, Z3: https://deal.readthedocs.io/basic/verification.html#backgrou... : > 2021. deal-solver. We released a tool that converts Python code (including deal contracts) into Z3 theorems that can be formally verified.
In Show HN: Codemodder – A new codemod library for Java and Python
This is really, really cool. It's on github at https://github.com/marcoeilers/nagini and you can see examples of the syntax here: http://viper.ethz.ch/nagini-examples/ In the same way that Python's (and Flow/Typescript's) typing lets you describe argument and return types with no more effort/characters than typing a comment, this lets you describe invariants and assertions exactly where you normally would with comments, including invariants on each element of a sequence... and instantly get static typing. I believe there's a custom meta_path importer so it will strip out at module load time, making it zero-cost at runtime. It's the type of thing that there's no reason not to use. It's powered by Viper, and you can see pseudocode of the internal representation it gets transpiled to in Figure 4 here: http://people.inf.ethz.ch/summersa/wiki/
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lib/exe/fetch.php?me... . Very smart stuff around tracking read/write dependencies on variables in a programmer-friendly way.
In Nagini: A Static Verifier for Python [pdf]

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