WEwesturner·Oct 31, 2025
Additional useful metrics:
TOPS/Whr: Tensor ops per watt-hour
Tokens/Whr: LLM ingress|egress tokens per watt-hour
% green energy. If 100% offset by PPAs is 100% green, is 100% directly-sourced clean energy 100% or "200% green"?
CO2 cost
/carbon.txt:
https://www.thegreenwebfoundation.org/tools/carbon-txt/ :
> carbon.txt is a single, discoverable location on any domain – /carbon.txt – for public, machine‑readable sustainability data.
thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js: https://github.com/thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js .. https://www.thegreenwebfoundation.org/co2-js/
Firefox Devtools Profiler uses CO2.js to estimate carbon cost:
https://www.thegreenwebfoundation.org/news/carbon-emissions-...
TCS: Tech Carbon Standard > impact categories > upstream > Foundation Models,:
https://www.techcarbonstandard.org/impact-categories/upstrea... :
> In additio
Read the rest
n to the carbon footprint of AI data centres, it is essential to mention their extensive water footprint, therefore a careful examination of data centre WUE_source is indispensable.
TCS Glossary: https://www.techcarbonstandard.org/resources/glossary#water-... :
> WUE_source: Water Usage Effectiveness Source:
> A metric used to measure how efficiently data centres use water for cooling and operations. WUE is quantified in cubic meters per megawatt hour of energy (m3/MWh), representing the amount of water consumed per unit of IT equipment output or computing work. To better understand the true water cost of data centres, source (offsite) and site-based (onsite) WUE metrics must be accounted for. The Green Grid distinguishes them as WUE and (WUE_source).
"WATER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS
(WUE): A GREEN GRID DATA
CENTER SUSTAINABILITY
METRIC" The-Green-Grid-White-Paper-35-WUE-Usage-Guidelines.pdf https://airatwork.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Green-Grid-Whit... :
> WUE_source = (
Annual Source Energy Water Usage + Annual Site Water Usage
) / IT Equipment Energy *
> WUE = (
Annual Site Water Usage
) / IT Equipment Energy
[...]
Electricitymap has average carbon costs by region, but not yet water costs IIRC
"Ask HN: Are you paying electricity bills for your service?" (2024)
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42454547 re: Zero Water datacenters
From https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45363593 (2025) : microfluidics, Graphene based CPU coolers, graphene thermal pads,
What about model routing and could split testing or multi-armed bandit identify where cost can be reduced for acceptable loss in accuracy?
Do you already log inputs and outputs?
From https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45267271 :
> API facades like OpenLLM and model routers like OpenRouter have standard interfaces for many or most LLM inputs and outputs. Tools like Promptfoo, ChainForge, and LocalAI also all have abstractions over many models.
> What are the open standards for representing LLM inputs, and outputs?
> W3C PROV has prov:Entity, prov:Activity, and prov:Agent for modeling AI provenance: who or what did what when.